Arthritis
Overview
Arthritis is a prevalent health condition that affects the joints causing inflammation, pain and stiffness. The term “arthritis” is actually a way to describe over 100 different types of joint-related conditions. Globally, it is estimated that over 54 million people suffer from some form of arthritis.
Types
The most common types of arthritis are Osteoarthritis and Rheumatoid arthritis.
Osteoarthritis (OA)
This is the most common form of arthritis, typically occurring with age or due to joint injury. It develops gradually over time, causing the breakdown of joint cartilage leading to bone rubbing against bone causing pain and stiffness.
Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA)
RA is an autoimmune disorder where your body’s immune system attacks the lining of the joint capsule, causing it to become inflamed and swollen. This disease often affects several joints and can cause severe damage.
Causes
The causes of arthritis can vary depending on the type but generally include a combination of genetic factors, immune system activity, infections, injuries, and aging. Excessive weight, previous joint injuries and certain occupations involving repetitive knee bending and squatting are also known risk factors.
Symptoms
While each type of arthritis has specific symptoms, there are common signs that generally indicate the presence of arthritis. These include:
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- Joint pain and stiffness
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- Swelling in one or more joints
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- Decreased range of motion in the joint
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- Persistent fatigue
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- Redness and warmth in the joint area
Diagnosis
Doctors typically diagnose arthritis based on patient history, physical examination, and diagnostic tests which may include X-rays, blood tests, and examination of the joint fluid. Timely diagnosis can greatly help in managing the condition effectively.
Treatment Options
While there is no cure for arthritis, a wide range of treatment options are available that can help manage symptoms and slow disease progression. These can range from lifestyle modifications, medications, physical therapy, to surgery in severe cases.
Lifestyle Modifications:
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- Exercise: Regular physical activity can help maintain muscle strength and reduce joint pain.
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- Diet: A balanced diet filled with fruits, vegetables, and lean protein can support overall health and aid in weight management.
Medications:
Various medications are available including anti-inflammatory drugs, pain relievers, and medications specifically designed to treat RA.
Surgery:
Joint replacement or joint fusion surgery may be recommended in severe cases where conservative treatments have failed.
Living with Arthritis
Living with arthritis can be challenging but taking active steps can help manage the condition effectively. This may involve regular exercise, a healthy diet, adequate rest, and using assistive devices to help protect your joints. It’s also important to communicate openly about your symptoms with your healthcare team, family, and friends so they can provide support.
When to Seek Help
Arthritis can be a serious condition if not managed properly. If you’re experiencing severe joint pain, swelling, redness, or warmth around the joint, or if you have difficulty moving a joint, it’s important to seek medical help immediately, as these symptoms can indicate a severe form of arthritis or potentially another serious illness. It’s crucial to remember that early intervention can significantly improve the outlook for people with arthritis.